cl/guia-de-instalacion-de-hyperbola.en.md at af55bf0921e707821aa29e003dd6b4fc3ff1ac11

heckyel/cl

[guia-de-instalacion-de-hyperbola.en.md]: fix duplicate command bash

2021-12-23 16:34:18 -05:00

17 KiB

Raw Blame History

Author: Jesús E. Category: tutorials Date: 2019-11-11 08:41 Diaspora: https://diasp.org/u/heckyel Image: 2019/11/hyperbola-base.jpg Lang: en Mastodom: https://masto.nobigtech.es/@heckyel Save_as: hyperbola-installation-guide/index.html Slug: guia-de-instalacion-de-hyperbola Tags: hyperbola, guia Title: Hyperbola installation guide [Legacy/MBR-DOS mode] URL: hyperbola-installation-guide/

[TOC]

First we must build a Hyperbola installation device, it can be on a USB{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'} memory or CD{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'}.

There is also an installation video{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'} that will be updated.

First steps

We check if there is an Internet connection

:::console
# ping -c 3 gnu.org

Partition disk

:::console
# cfdisk

In case of the partition chosen as swap go to "Type" option and select 82 (Linux swap) from list.
In case of the partition chosen as /boot, select "bootable"

example:

:::bash
sda1=/boot
sda2=/
sda3=/home
sda4=swap

Recommendations:
/boot   = 300MB
/       = 40GB
/home   = customized
swap    = equivalent to RAM

Wi-fi connection

wifi detect

:::console
# iw dev

Enable device of network

:::console
# ip link set <device-name> up

Enable Internet with wpa_supplicant

:::console
# wpa_supplicant -B -i <device-name> -c <(wpa_passphrase "ssid" "psk")

Renew IPv4 with dhcpcd

:::console
# dhcpcd <device-name>

Partition Formatting

/boot, ext4 will be used

  :::console
  # mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda1

/, ext4 will be used

  :::console
  # mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda2

/home, ext4 will be used

  :::console
  # mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda3

swap, mkswap will be used
```
  :::console
  # mkswap /dev/sda4
```
Enable swap partition
```
  :::console
  # swapon /dev/sda4
```

Organization of Partitions

Mount root in /mnt
```
  :::console
  # mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
```

Make directories of other partitions

boot
```
  :::console
  # mkdir /mnt/boot
```
home
```
  :::console
  # mkdir /mnt/home
```

Mount other partitions

Mount boot

  :::console
  # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

Mount home

  :::console
  # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

Base System Installation

Update keys of hyperiso:

:::console
# pacman -Sy hyperbola-keyring

Install base packages:

:::console
# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel grub-bios wpa_supplicant iw kernel-firmware ldns xenocara-input-synaptics

Install xenocara-input-synaptics only on laptops

Main Configuration

Generate fstab file

  :::console
  # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

Inside chroot and configure base system
```
  :::console
  # arch-chroot /mnt
```

Set hostname, to edit /etc/hostname file:

Example:

  :::console
  # echo hyperpc > /etc/hostname

Set localtime

  :::console
  # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Chicago /etc/localtime

Update system time to UTC (Optional)

  :::console
  # hwclock --systohc --utc

Enable our location, uncomment

  :::console
  # sed -e 's|^#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8|en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8|g' -i /etc/locale.gen

Set location preferences

  :::console
  # echo LANG=en_US.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf

Generate location
```
  :::console
  # locale-gen
```

If you need to change keymap, configure in /etc/conf.d/keymaps file

  :::console
  # sed -e 's/^keymap="us"/keymap="uk"/g' -i /etc/conf.d/keymaps

Install Grub

  :::console
  # grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda

Create grub.cfg file

  :::console
  # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Edit ramdisk

  :::console
  # nano -w /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
  -----------------------------
  HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block filesystems keyboard fsck"

Generate ramdisk

  :::console
  # mkinitcpio -p linux-libre-lts

Set root user password
```
  :::console
  # passwd
```

Configure wpa_supplicant{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'}

  :::console
  # nano -w /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf

and inside:

  :::bash
  ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
  ctrl_interface_group=wheel
  update_config=1

  network = {
      ssid="lynx"
      psk="your-pass"
  }

Add to service by default

  :::console
  # rc-update add wpa_supplicant default

DHCPCD{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'}

Add to service by default
```
  :::console
  # rc-update add dhcpcd default
```
Close chroot
```
  :::console
  # exit
```

Unmount partitions

  :::console
  # umount '/mnt/{boot,home,}'

Reboot
```
  :::console
  # reboot
```

Adding a user

Create user group, for example: libre
```
  :::console
  # groupadd libre
```

Create user freedom and add it to basic groups

  :::console
  # useradd -m -G audio,disk,games,http,input,lp,network,optical,power,scanner,storage,sys,video,wheel -g libre -s /bin/bash freedom

Assign password
```
  :::console
  # passwd freedom
```

Edit /etc/sudoers file

  :::console
  # sed -i /etc/sudoers -e 's|^# %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL|%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL|g'

Reboot pc
```
  :::console
  # reboot
```
Upgrade system
```
  :::console
  $ sudo pacman -Syu
```

BASE graphical interface

Install video package (depending trademark of your video card)

Check video trademark:

:::console
# lspci | grep -e VGA

Install one, depending of trademark:

AMD:

:::console
# pacman -S xorg-video-amdgpu

Ati:

:::console
# pacman -S xenocara-video-ati

Intel:

:::console
# pacman -S xorg-video-intel

Nvidia:

:::console
# pacman -S xorg-video-nouveau

Vesa (generic):

:::console
# pacman -S xenocara-video-vesa

Xenocara components

:::console
# pacman -S xenocara-server xenocara-xinit xenocara

Mesa demos

:::console
# pacman -S mesa mesa-demos

Setting in keyboard language for Xenocara

Syntax of X configuration files is explained in Xenocara#Configuration{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'}. Method creates configuration for entire system, which is maintained after reboot.

Here's an example:

:::console
# nano -w /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf

and inside write:

:::bash
Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "system-keyboard"
    MatchIsKeyboard "on"
    Option "XkbLayout"  "us,uk"
    Option "XkbModel"   "pc105"
    Option "XkbVariant" "deadtilde,dvorak"
    Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle"
EndSection

XkbOptions can receive various parameters for example:

"grp:alt_shift_toggle,compose:rwin,lv3:ralt_switch,numpad:pc"

We have 2 keyboard layouts: English US (us) and English UK (uk), and to go from one to the other just use the ALT+SHIFT key combination.

Check keyboard settings:

  :::console
  # setxkbmap -print -verbose 10

Typefaces

  :::console
  # pacman -S ttf-liberation ttf-bitstream-vera ttf-dejavu ttf-droid

Next, we will proceed to create the personal folders. In case you have planned to install GNOME or PLASMA KDE as a desktop environment, skip this step, since the GNOME or PLASMA KDE installation automatically generates this directories.

Directory generator installation:

  :::console
  # pacman -S xdg-user-dirs

Automatic directory creation:
```
  :::console
  # xdg-user-dirs-update
```

Audio support

Install pulseadio

:::console
# pacman -S pulseaudio pulseaudio-alsa alsa-utils pavucontrol

Add audio service to default

:::console
# rc-update add alsasound default

Configure pulseaudio

:::console
# sed -e 's/^; autospawn = yes/autospawn = yes/g' -i /etc/pulse/client.conf

Officially supported desktop environments

Install MATE

MATE desktop environment is the continuation of GNOME 2 (Based on Gnome 2). It provides an intuitive and attractive environment. MATE is actively being developed to add support for new technologies, while preserving the traditional desktop experience.

Installation

  :::console
  # pacman -S mate mate-extra

Where:

mate: contains basic desktop environment and applications necessary for the standard MATE experience.
mate-extra: contains a set of packages and optional tools, like a screensaver, a calculator, an editor and other non-problematic applications that go well with the MATE desktop.

Install XFCE

Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment for UNIX-like systems. Its goal is to be fast and use few system resources, while remaining visually attractive and easy to use.

Installation

  :::console
  # pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies

Where:

xfce4: is basic group of xfce4 packages.
xfce4-goodies: is a group of additional packages, such as panel plugins, notifications and other system tools.

Install LXDE

LXDE is a free desktop environment. Abbreviation means «Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment»

Installation
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S lxde
```

Install KDE Plasma

KDE is a software project that currently comprises a desktop environment known as Plasma, a collection of libraries and frameworks (KDE Frameworks) and also a large number of applications (KDE Applications).

The desktop environment created by KDE primarily for GNU/Linux systems, KDE Plasma 5, is successor to KDE Plasma Workspaces and is primarily released on July 15, 2014.

Installation

  :::console
  # pacman -S plasma kde-applications plasma-wayland-session

Where:

plasma: contains group of packages to install desktop. with some basic applications and tools.
kde-applications: installs all KDE applications contained in group (kcal, amarok, etc).
plasma-wayland-session: enable support for Wayland in Plasma.

How to start Xenocara?

Write a ~/.xinitrc file (option 1)

Uncomment your desktop installed, example file ~/.xinitrc:

  :::bash
  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # ~/.xinitrc
  #
  # Executed by startx (run your window manager from here)
  #
  # exec enlightenment_start
  # exec i3
  # exec mate-session
  # exec xmonad
  # exec startlxqt
  # exec startlxde
  # exec awesome
  # exec bspwm
  # exec gnome-session
  # exec gnome-session --session=gnome-classic
  # exec startkde
  exec startxfce4
  # exec startfluxbox
  # exec openbox-session
  # exec cinnamon-session
  # exec pekwm
  # exec catwm
  # exec dwm
  # exec startede
  # exec icewm-session
  # exec jwm
  # exec monsterwm
  # exec notion
  # exec startdde #deepin-session

Then from a tty, you can run startx and your desktop will start.

Install login manager (option 2)

Example: lightdm

  :::console
  # pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter

Add to service by default

  :::console
  # rc-update add lightdm default

Reboot
```
  :::console
  # reboot
```

Tools

Disks

gvfs to mount disks
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S gamin gvfs
```

Net

dhcpcd-ui for IP management
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S dhcpcd-ui
```

Key manager

gnome-kering

  :::console
  # pacman -S gnome-keyring

Volume applet

Volume icon
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S volumeicon
```

Synchronize Local Time

Install NTP

:::console
# pacman -S ntp

Synchronize Time

:::console
# ntpdate -u hora.roa.es

File compressors

Normally we come across files compressed in ZIP, RAR and/or another format that are usually exchanged on the Internet. In many desktop environments, usually include theirs (File Roller in GNOME, Engrampa in MATE, Ark in KDE, and XArchiver in XFCE/LXDE). To improve functionality of these file compressors, we will add support for 7Z, RAR, ZIP and others.

GZip (known with extension ".tar.gz"):

  :::console
  # pacman -S zlib haskell-zlib

BZip2:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S bzip2
```
RAR:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S unar
```
7Zip:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S p7zip lrzip
```

ZIP:

  :::console
  # pacman -S zip libzip unzip

Partition detector

Udisk utility:

  :::console
  # pacman -S udevil autofs

Reading and writing NTFS file systems:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S ntfs-3g
```

FAT32 file system read and write:

  :::console
  # pacman -S fatsort exfat-utils dosfstools

Reading and writing XFS file systems:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S xfsprogs
```

Multimedia support

To play multimedia files, you need to be able to have the codecs and player. To do this, we will proceed to install ffmpeg and gstreamer codecs, in addition to players. Here I suggest some players that you may find useful.

Codecs:

  :::console
  # pacman -S ffmpeg gstreamer gst-libav gst-plugins-bad gst-plugins-good gst-plugins-ugly gst-plugins-base gstreamer-vaapi gst-transcoder ffms2 x264 libvorbis libvpx libtheora opus vorbis-tools

Audacious player:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S audacious
```

SMPlayer:

  :::console
  # pacman -S smplayer smplayer-themes smplayer-skins

VLC player:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S vlc
```
MPV player:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S mpv
```
Lightweight image viewer
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S viewnior
```
PDF viewer
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S epdfview
```

Aplicaciones UXP

There are browsers included by desktop environments like GNOME with Epiphany or KDE with Konqueror. However, thanks to the developers, in Hyperbola we have Iceweasel-UXP{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'} a web browser, Iceape-UXP{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'} internet suite and a email-manager called Icedove-UXP{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'}.

Iceweasel-UXP:

  :::console
  # pacman -S iceweasel-uxp

Iceape-UXP:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S iceape-uxp
```
Icedove-UXP:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S icedove-uxp
```

LibreOffice

In general, when using an Operating System, at least you have an office suite. In GNU/Linux, it's customary to have one. Fortunately in Hyperbola, Libreoffice is presented in its stable version. For install, run:

:::console
# pacman -S libreoffice-still

Spell check

To check spelling you will need hunspell and a hunspell dictionary (such as hunspell-en_US, hunspell-es, etc)

:::console
# pacman -S hunspell hunspell-en_US

Hyphenation and justification

To have provide rules you also need hyphen + a set of rules (hyphen-en, hyphen-de, etc)

:::console
# pacman -S hyphen hyphen-en

Synonyms

For Synonyms option you will need mythes + a mythes synonym library (mythes-en mythes-es)

:::console
# pacman -S mythes mythes-en

Security

Security is important when browsing the Internet, that's why Hyperbola provides a tool called firejail{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'} in combination with a graphical interface firetools{:target='_blank' rel='noopener noreferrer'}.

:::console
# pacman -S firejail firetools

Hyperbola have programs for communication:

Gajim

  :::console
  # pacman -S gajim python2-axolotl

Tox

qtox:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S qtox
```
toxic:
```
  :::console
  # pacman -S toxic
```

Identifying keycodes

Showkey utility reports key codes for the virtual console. showkey waits for a key to be pressed and, if there is none for 10 seconds, closes. To run showkey you need to be in a virtual console, not in a graphical environment:

:::console
# showkey --keycodes

17 KiB Raw Blame History

First steps

Wi-fi connection

Partition Formatting

Organization of Partitions

Base System Installation

Main Configuration

Adding a user

BASE graphical interface

Install video package (depending trademark of your video card)

Xenocara components

Mesa demos

Setting in keyboard language for Xenocara

Audio support

Configure pulseaudio

Officially supported desktop environments

Install MATE

Install XFCE

Install LXDE

Install KDE Plasma

How to start Xenocara?

Tools

Disks

Net

Key manager

Volume applet

Synchronize Local Time

File compressors

Partition detector

Multimedia support

Aplicaciones UXP

LibreOffice

Spell check

Hyphenation and justification

Synonyms

Security

Social

Identifying keycodes

17 KiB

Raw Blame History