fix: update innertube clients and fix HLS/DASH quality switching

- Update innertube client versions to match yt-dlp (android 21.02.35, ios 21.02.3, web 2.20260114.08.00, android_vr 1.65.10) - Remove obsolete clients (android-test-suite, ios_vr) - Replace tv_embedded with TVHTML5_SIMPLY (cn 75) - Add new clients: web_embedded, mweb, tv - Fix HLS freeze on quality switch: use nextLevel instead of currentLevel, handle bufferStalledError, stream proxy segments instead of buffering in memory - Populate DASH quality selector with actual sources (no Auto) - Render quality-select empty in template, let JS populate per mode
2026-05-03 12:32:55 -05:00
parent 50ad959a80
commit 8d66143c90
9 changed files with 467 additions and 246 deletions
--- a/youtube/constants.py
+++ b/youtube/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""Constants used across yt-local application."""
+
+import collections
+
+YOUTUBE_DOMAINS = ('youtube.com', 'youtu.be', 'youtube-nocookie.com')
+
+DEFAULT_USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64)'
+MOBILE_USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; Redmi Note 4 Build/NRD90M) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Mobile Safari/537.36'
+
+REPLACEMENT_MAP = collections.OrderedDict([
+    ('<', '_'),
+    ('>', '_'),
+    (': ', ' - '),
+    (':', '-'),
+    ('"', "'"),
+    ('/', '_'),
+    ('\\', '_'),
+    ('|', '-'),
+    ('?', ''),
+    ('*', '_'),
+    ('\t', ' '),
+])
+
+DOS_RESERVED_NAMES = frozenset({
+    'con', 'prn', 'aux', 'nul', 'com0', 'com1', 'com2', 'com3',
+    'com4', 'com5', 'com6', 'com7', 'com8', 'com9', 'lpt0',
+    'lpt1', 'lpt2', 'lpt3', 'lpt4', 'lpt5', 'lpt6', 'lpt7',
+    'lpt8', 'lpt9'
+})
+
+INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
+    'android': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'hl': 'en',
+                'gl': 'US',
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
+                'clientVersion': '21.02.35',
+                'osName': 'Android',
+                'osVersion': '11',
+                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
+                'platform': 'MOBILE',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/21.02.35 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip'
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+    },
+
+    'ios': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyB-63vPrdThhKuerbB2N_l7Kwwcxj6yUAc',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'hl': 'en',
+                'gl': 'US',
+                'clientName': 'IOS',
+                'clientVersion': '21.02.3',
+                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
+                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
+                'osName': 'iPhone',
+                'osVersion': '18.3.2.22D82',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/21.02.3 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_3_2 like Mac OS X;)'
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+
+    'tv_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'hl': 'en',
+                'gl': 'US',
+                'clientName': 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY',
+                'clientVersion': '1.0',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 75,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': True,
+    },
+
+    'web': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20260114.08.00',
+                'userAgent': DEFAULT_USER_AGENT,
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
+    },
+
+    'web_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'hl': 'en',
+                'gl': 'US',
+                'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20260115.01.00',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': True,
+    },
+
+    'mweb': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'hl': 'en',
+                'gl': 'US',
+                'clientName': 'MWEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20260115.01.00',
+                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 16_7_10 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1,gzip(gfe)',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': True,
+    },
+
+    'tv': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'hl': 'en',
+                'gl': 'US',
+                'clientName': 'TVHTML5',
+                'clientVersion': '7.20260114.12.00',
+                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (ChromiumStylePlatform) Cobalt/25.lts.30.1034943-gold (unlike Gecko), Unknown_TV_Unknown_0/Unknown (Unknown, Unknown)',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 7,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': True,
+    },
+
+    'android_vr': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID_VR',
+                'clientVersion': '1.65.10',
+                'deviceMake': 'Oculus',
+                'deviceModel': 'Quest 3',
+                'androidSdkVersion': 32,
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.65.10 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
+                'osName': 'Android',
+                'osVersion': '12L',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 28,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+    },
+}
+
+THEME_NAMES = {
+    0: 'light_theme',
+    1: 'gray_theme',
+    2: 'dark_theme',
+}
+
+FONT_CHOICES = {
+    0: 'initial',
+    1: '"liberation serif", "times new roman", calibri, carlito, serif',
+    2: 'arial, "liberation sans", sans-serif',
+    3: 'verdana, sans-serif',
+    4: 'tahoma, sans-serif',
+}
+
+URL_ORIGIN = "/https://www.youtube.com"
+
+MAX_RETRIES = 5
+BASE_DELAY = 1.0
+
+TOR_DEFAULT_PORT = 9050
+TOR_CONTROL_DEFAULT_PORT = 9151
+
+DEFAULT_PORT = 9010
+
+# Backward compatibility aliases (matching existing code names)
+desktop_user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0'
+desktop_ua = (('User-Agent', desktop_user_agent),)
+mobile_ua = (('User-Agent', MOBILE_USER_AGENT),)
+json_header = (('Content-Type', 'application/json'),)
+
+# Re-export for convenience
+url_origin = URL_ORIGIN
--- a/youtube/static/js/watch.dash.js
+++ b/youtube/static/js/watch.dash.js
@@ -31,9 +31,34 @@ if (data.using_pair_sources) {
    avMerge = new AVMerge(video, srcPair, 0);
 }

-// Quality selector
+// Quality selector — populate with available sources
 const qs = document.getElementById('quality-select');
 if (qs) {
+  // Clear the HLS-oriented "Auto" default; DASH has discrete sources
+  qs.innerHTML = '';
+
+  // Add pair_sources (video+audio, used by AVMerge)
+  if (data['pair_sources'] && data['pair_sources'].length) {
+    data['pair_sources'].forEach(function(src, i) {
+      let opt = document.createElement('option');
+      opt.value = JSON.stringify({type: 'pair', index: i});
+      opt.textContent = src.quality_string;
+      if (i === data['pair_idx']) opt.selected = true;
+      qs.appendChild(opt);
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Add uni_sources (integrated video+audio, single file)
+  if (data['uni_sources'] && data['uni_sources'].length) {
+    data['uni_sources'].forEach(function(src, i) {
+      let opt = document.createElement('option');
+      opt.value = JSON.stringify({type: 'uni', index: i});
+      opt.textContent = src.quality_string;
+      if (!data['pair_sources'].length && i === data['uni_idx']) opt.selected = true;
+      qs.appendChild(opt);
+    });
+  }
+
  qs.addEventListener('change', function(e) {
    changeQuality(JSON.parse(this.value))
  });
--- a/youtube/static/js/watch.hls.js
+++ b/youtube/static/js/watch.hls.js
@@ -26,7 +26,17 @@ function initHLSNative(manifestUrl) {
            lowLatencyMode: false,
            maxBufferLength: 30,
            maxMaxBufferLength: 60,
+            maxBufferHole: 0.5,
            startLevel: -1,
+            // Prevent stalls on quality switch: nudge playback past small gaps
+            nudgeMaxRetry: 5,
+            // Allow more time for segments coming through our proxy
+            fragLoadingTimeOut: 30000,
+            fragLoadingMaxRetry: 5,
+            fragLoadingRetryDelay: 1000,
+            levelLoadingTimeOut: 15000,
+            levelLoadingMaxRetry: 4,
+            levelLoadingRetryDelay: 1000,
        });

        window.hls = hls;
@@ -89,15 +99,26 @@ function initHLSNative(manifestUrl) {
                console.error('HLS fatal error:', data.type, data.details);
                switch(data.type) {
                    case Hls.ErrorTypes.NETWORK_ERROR:
+                        console.warn('HLS network error, attempting recovery...');
                        hls.startLoad();
                        break;
                    case Hls.ErrorTypes.MEDIA_ERROR:
+                        console.warn('HLS media error, attempting recovery...');
                        hls.recoverMediaError();
                        break;
                    default:
                        hls.destroy();
                        break;
                }
+            } else {
+                // Non-fatal errors can still cause stalls, especially
+                // bufferStalledError after a quality switch through our proxy
+                console.warn('HLS non-fatal error:', data.type, data.details);
+                if (data.details === 'bufferStalledError') {
+                    // Buffer ran dry — HLS.js is waiting for data.
+                    // Nudge it to retry loading the current fragment.
+                    hls.startLoad();
+                }
            }
        });

@@ -122,13 +143,36 @@ function initPlayer() {
    initHLSNative(hls_manifest_url);

    const qualitySelect = document.getElementById('quality-select');
+    // Set initial Auto option while manifest loads
+    if (qualitySelect) {
+        qualitySelect.innerHTML = '<option value="-1" selected>Auto</option>';
+    }
    if (qualitySelect) {
        qualitySelect.addEventListener('change', function () {
            const level = parseInt(this.value);

            if (hls) {
-                hls.currentLevel = level;
-                console.log('Quality:', level === -1 ? 'Auto' : hls.levels[level]?.height + 'p');
+                const currentTime = video.currentTime;
+                const wasPaused = video.paused;
+
+                // Use nextLevel for smoother transition: it waits for the
+                // current segment to finish before switching, avoiding an
+                // abrupt buffer flush that starves the player.
+                if (level === -1) {
+                    // Back to auto — re-enable ABR
+                    hls.currentLevel = -1;
+                    console.log('Quality: Auto (ABR)');
+                } else {
+                    hls.nextLevel = level;
+                    console.log('Quality: switching to',
+                                hls.levels[level]?.height + 'p');
+                }
+
+                // If the video was already stalled, kick the loader
+                // so it starts fetching the new level immediately.
+                if (video.readyState < 3) {
+                    hls.startLoad(currentTime);
+                }
            }
        });
    }
--- a/youtube/templates/watch.html
+++ b/youtube/templates/watch.html
@@ -75,14 +75,11 @@
            <div class="external-player-controls">
                <input class="speed" id="speed-control" type="text" title="Video speed">
                {% if settings.use_video_player < 2 %}
-                <!-- Native player quality selector -->
+                <!-- Quality selector (populated by JS: HLS adds Auto+levels, DASH adds discrete sources) -->
                <select id="quality-select" autocomplete="off">
-                    <option value="-1" selected>Auto</option>
-                    <!-- Quality options will be populated by HLS -->
                </select>
                {% else %}
                <select id="quality-select" autocomplete="off" style="display: none;">
-                    <!-- Quality options will be populated by HLS -->
                </select>
                {% endif %}
                {% if settings.use_video_player != 2 %}
--- a/youtube/util.py
+++ b/youtube/util.py
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ import stem
 import stem.control
 import traceback

+from youtube.yt_data_extract.common import concat_or_none
+from youtube import constants
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

 # The trouble with the requests library: It ships its own certificate bundle via certifi
@@ -468,11 +471,11 @@ def head(url, use_tor=False, report_text=None, max_redirects=10):
        print(f'{report_text}    Latency: {round(time.monotonic() - start_time, 3)}')
    return response

-mobile_user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; Redmi Note 4 Build/NRD90M) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Mobile Safari/537.36'
-mobile_ua = (('User-Agent', mobile_user_agent),)
-desktop_user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0'
-desktop_ua = (('User-Agent', desktop_user_agent),)
-json_header = (('Content-Type', 'application/json'),)
+mobile_user_agent = constants.MOBILE_USER_AGENT
+mobile_ua = constants.mobile_ua
+desktop_user_agent = constants.desktop_user_agent
+desktop_ua = constants.desktop_ua
+json_header = constants.json_header
 desktop_xhr_headers = (
    ('Accept', '*/*'),
    ('Accept-Language', 'en-US,en;q=0.5'),
@@ -641,7 +644,7 @@ def update_query_string(query_string, items):
    return urllib.parse.urlencode(parameters, doseq=True)


-YOUTUBE_DOMAINS = ('youtube.com', 'youtu.be', 'youtube-nocookie.com')
+YOUTUBE_DOMAINS = constants.YOUTUBE_DOMAINS
 YOUTUBE_URL_RE_STR = r'https?://(?:[a-zA-Z0-9_-]*\.)?(?:'
 YOUTUBE_URL_RE_STR += r'|'.join(map(re.escape, YOUTUBE_DOMAINS))
 YOUTUBE_URL_RE_STR += r')(?:/[^"]*)?'
@@ -668,16 +671,6 @@ def left_remove(string, substring):
    return string


-def concat_or_none(*strings):
-    '''Concatenates strings. Returns None if any of the arguments are None'''
-    result = ''
-    for string in strings:
-        if string is None:
-            return None
-        result += string
-    return result
-
-
 def prefix_urls(item):
    if settings.proxy_images:
        try:
@@ -726,24 +719,8 @@ def check_gevent_exceptions(*tasks):


 # https://stackoverflow.com/a/62888
-replacement_map = collections.OrderedDict([
-    ('<', '_'),
-    ('>', '_'),
-    (': ', ' - '),
-    (':', '-'),
-    ('"', "'"),
-    ('/', '_'),
-    ('\\', '_'),
-    ('|', '-'),
-    ('?', ''),
-    ('*', '_'),
-    ('\t', ' '),
-])
-
-DOS_names = {'con', 'prn', 'aux', 'nul', 'com0', 'com1', 'com2', 'com3',
-             'com4', 'com5', 'com6', 'com7', 'com8', 'com9', 'lpt0',
-             'lpt1', 'lpt2', 'lpt3', 'lpt4', 'lpt5', 'lpt6', 'lpt7',
-             'lpt8', 'lpt9'}
+replacement_map = constants.REPLACEMENT_MAP
+DOS_names = constants.DOS_RESERVED_NAMES


 def to_valid_filename(name):
@@ -785,143 +762,7 @@ def to_valid_filename(name):
    return name


-# https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L72
-INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
-    'android': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'hl': 'en',
-                'gl': 'US',
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
-                'clientVersion': '19.09.36',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '12',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 31,
-                'platform': 'MOBILE',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/19.09.36 (Linux; U; Android 12; US) gzip'
-            },
-            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-887739287
-            #'thirdParty': {
-            #    'embedUrl': 'https://google.com',  # Can be any valid URL
-            #}
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-
-    'android-test-suite': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'hl': 'en',
-                'gl': 'US',
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_TESTSUITE',
-                'clientVersion': '1.9',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '12',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 31,
-                'platform': 'MOBILE',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/1.9 (Linux; U; Android 12; US) gzip'
-            },
-            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-887739287
-            #'thirdParty': {
-            #    'embedUrl': 'https://google.com',  # Can be any valid URL
-            #}
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-
-    'ios': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyB-63vPrdThhKuerbB2N_l7Kwwcxj6yUAc',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'hl': 'en',
-                'gl': 'US',
-                'clientName': 'IOS',
-                'clientVersion': '21.03.2',
-                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
-                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '18.7.2.22H124',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/21.03.2 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_7_2 like Mac OS X)'
-            }
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
-    },
-
-    # This client can access age restricted videos (unless the uploader has disabled the 'allow embedding' option)
-    # See: https://github.com/zerodytrash/YouTube-Internal-Clients
-    'tv_embedded': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'hl': 'en',
-                'gl': 'US',
-                'clientName': 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-                'clientVersion': '2.0',
-                'clientScreen': 'EMBED',
-            },
-            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-887739287
-            'thirdParty': {
-                'embedUrl': 'https://google.com',  # Can be any valid URL
-            }
-
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 85,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': True,
-    },
-
-    'web': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20220801.00.00',
-                'userAgent': desktop_user_agent,
-            }
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
-    },
-    'android_vr': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_VR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.60.19',
-                'deviceMake': 'Oculus',
-                'deviceModel': 'Quest 3',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 32,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.60.19 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '12L',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 28,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-
-    'ios_vr': {
-        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'hl': 'en',
-                'gl': 'US',
-                'clientName': 'IOS_VR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.0',
-                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
-                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '18.7.2.22H124',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/1.0 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_7_2 like Mac OS X)'
-            }
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
-    },
-}
+INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = constants.INNERTUBE_CLIENTS

 def get_visitor_data():
    visitor_data = None
--- a/youtube/watch.py
+++ b/youtube/watch.py
@@ -17,8 +17,16 @@ from flask import request
 import youtube
 from youtube import yt_app
 from youtube import util, comments, local_playlist, yt_data_extract
+from youtube import watch_formats
 import settings

+# Backward compatibility aliases
+codec_name = watch_formats.codec_name
+video_quality_string = watch_formats.video_quality_string
+short_video_quality_string = watch_formats.short_video_quality_string
+audio_quality_string = watch_formats.audio_quality_string
+format_bytes = watch_formats.format_bytes
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@@ -29,15 +37,7 @@ except FileNotFoundError:
    decrypt_cache = {}


-def codec_name(vcodec):
-    if vcodec.startswith('avc'):
-        return 'h264'
-    elif vcodec.startswith('av01'):
-        return 'av1'
-    elif vcodec.startswith('vp'):
-        return 'vp'
-    else:
-        return 'unknown'
+# codec_name imported from watch_formats


 def get_video_sources(info, target_resolution):
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ def extract_info(video_id, use_invidious, playlist_id=None, index=None):
    info['hls_audio_tracks'] = {}
    hls_data = None
    hls_client_used = None
-    for hls_client in ('ios', 'ios_vr', 'android'):
+    for hls_client in ('ios', 'android'):
        try:
            resp = fetch_player_response(hls_client, video_id) or {}
            hls_data = json.loads(resp) if isinstance(resp, str) else resp
@@ -621,55 +621,10 @@ def extract_info(video_id, use_invidious, playlist_id=None, index=None):
    return info


-def video_quality_string(format):
-    if format['vcodec']:
-        result = f"{format['width'] or '?'}x{format['height'] or '?'}"
-        if format['fps']:
-            result += f" {format['fps']}fps"
-        return result
-    elif format['acodec']:
-        return 'audio only'
-
-    return '?'
-
-
-def short_video_quality_string(fmt):
-    result = f"{fmt['quality'] or '?'}p"
-    if fmt['fps']:
-        result += str(fmt['fps'])
-    if fmt['vcodec'].startswith('av01'):
-        result += ' AV1'
-    elif fmt['vcodec'].startswith('avc'):
-        result += ' h264'
-    else:
-        result += f" {fmt['vcodec']}"
-    return result
-
-
-def audio_quality_string(fmt):
-    if fmt['acodec']:
-        if fmt['audio_bitrate']:
-            result = f"{fmt['audio_bitrate']}k"
-        else:
-            result = '?k'
-        if fmt['audio_sample_rate']:
-            result += f" {'%.3G' % (fmt['audio_sample_rate']/1000)}kHz"
-        return result
-    elif fmt['vcodec']:
-        return 'video only'
-    return '?'
-
-
-# from https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/youtube_dl/utils.py
-def format_bytes(bytes):
-    if bytes is None:
-        return 'N/A'
-    if type(bytes) is str:
-        bytes = float(bytes)
-    if bytes == 0.0:
-        exponent = 0
-    else:
-        exponent = int(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))
+# video_quality_string imported from watch_formats
+# short_video_quality_string imported from watch_formats
+# audio_quality_string imported from watch_formats
+# format_bytes imported from watch_formats
    suffix = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB', 'EiB', 'ZiB', 'YiB'][exponent]
    converted = float(bytes) / float(1024 ** exponent)
    return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)
@@ -832,14 +787,12 @@ def get_audio_track():

        # This is an actual segment - fetch and serve it
        try:
-            headers = (
-                ('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0'),
-                ('Accept', '*/*'),
-            )
-            content = util.fetch_url(seg_url, headers=headers,
-                debug_name='hls_seg', report_text=None)
+            headers_dict = {
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',
+                'Accept': '*/*',
+            }

-            # Determine content type based on URL or content
+            # Determine content type based on URL
            # HLS segments are usually MPEG-TS (.ts) but can be MP4 (.mp4, .m4s)
            if '.mp4' in seg_url or '.m4s' in seg_url or seg_url.lower().endswith('.mp4'):
                content_type = 'video/mp4'
@@ -849,7 +802,23 @@ def get_audio_track():
                # Default to MPEG-TS for HLS
                content_type = 'video/mp2t'

-            return flask.Response(content, mimetype=content_type,
+            response, cleanup_func = util.fetch_url_response(
+                seg_url, headers=tuple(headers_dict.items()),
+                timeout=30, use_tor=settings.route_tor)
+
+            def generate():
+                try:
+                    while True:
+                        chunk = response.read(64 * 1024)  # 64 KB chunks
+                        if not chunk:
+                            break
+                        yield chunk
+                finally:
+                    cleanup_func(response)
+
+            return flask.Response(
+                flask.stream_with_context(generate()),
+                mimetype=content_type,
                headers={
                    'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
                    'Access-Control-Allow-Methods': 'GET, OPTIONS',
--- a/youtube/watch_formats.py
+++ b/youtube/watch_formats.py
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+"""Video format helpers for yt-local."""
+
+import math
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
+
+
+def codec_name(vcodec: str) -> str:
+    """Extract codec short name from codec string."""
+    if vcodec.startswith('avc'):
+        return 'h264'
+    elif vcodec.startswith('av01'):
+        return 'av1'
+    elif vcodec.startswith('vp'):
+        return 'vp'
+    else:
+        return 'unknown'
+
+
+def video_quality_string(fmt: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Return video quality string (e.g., '1920x1080 30fps')."""
+    if fmt.get('vcodec'):
+        result = f"{fmt.get('width') or '?'}x{fmt.get('height') or '?'}"
+        if fmt.get('fps'):
+            result += f" {fmt['fps']}fps"
+        return result
+    elif fmt.get('acodec'):
+        return 'audio only'
+    return '?'
+
+
+def short_video_quality_string(fmt: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Return short video quality string (e.g., '1080p60 AV1')."""
+    result = f"{fmt.get('quality') or '?'}p"
+    if fmt.get('fps'):
+        result += str(fmt['fps'])
+    vcodec = fmt.get('vcodec', '')
+    if vcodec.startswith('av01'):
+        result += ' AV1'
+    elif vcodec.startswith('avc'):
+        result += ' h264'
+    else:
+        result += f" {vcodec}"
+    return result
+
+
+def audio_quality_string(fmt: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Return audio quality string (e.g., '128k 44.1kHz')."""
+    if fmt.get('acodec'):
+        if fmt.get('audio_bitrate'):
+            result = f"{fmt['audio_bitrate']}k"
+        else:
+            result = '?k'
+        if fmt.get('audio_sample_rate'):
+            result += f" {'%.3G' % (fmt['audio_sample_rate']/1000)}kHz"
+        return result
+    elif fmt.get('vcodec'):
+        return 'video only'
+    return '?'
+
+
+def format_bytes(bytes_val: Optional[float]) -> str:
+    """Convert bytes to human-readable string (e.g., '1.5 MiB')."""
+    if bytes_val is None:
+        return 'N/A'
+    if type(bytes_val) is str:
+        bytes_val = float(bytes_val)
+    if bytes_val == 0.0:
+        exponent = 0
+    else:
+        exponent = int(math.log(bytes_val, 1024.0))
+    suffix = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB', 'EiB', 'ZiB', 'YiB'][exponent]
+    converted = float(bytes_val) / float(1024 ** exponent)
+    return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    'codec_name',
+    'video_quality_string',
+    'short_video_quality_string',
+    'audio_quality_string',
+    'format_bytes',
+]
--- a/youtube/yt_data_extract/init.py
+++ b/youtube/yt_data_extract/init.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from .common import (get, multi_get, deep_get, multi_deep_get,
    liberal_update, conservative_update, remove_redirect, normalize_url,
    extract_str, extract_formatted_text, extract_int, extract_approx_int,
-    extract_date, extract_item_info, extract_items, extract_response)
+    extract_date, extract_item_info, extract_items, extract_response,
+    concat_or_none)

 from .everything_else import (extract_channel_info, extract_search_info,
    extract_playlist_metadata, extract_playlist_info, extract_comments_info)