2019-02-13 19:26:38 -05:00

1210 lines
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WebVTT

WEBVTT
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free software is the first battle in the
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liberation of cyberspace
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who controls your computer
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is it you or is it some
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big company that's really controlling it
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well what is a computer a computer is a
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universal machine it will do any
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computation you wanted to because you
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give it a program that says what the
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computation is that you want so the
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computer only knows how to get out and
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instruction and do it and get add
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another instruction and do it
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the program has the instructions it says
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what to do and so you by writing the
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right program you can make it do
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anything well almost anything
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um so who gives the instructions to your
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computer you might think it's obeying
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your instructions when really it's
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obeying somebody else first and you only
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as much as that company wants it too
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will let it listen to you with software
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there are two possibilities either the
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users control the program or the program
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controls the users it's inevitably one
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or the other
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so in order for the users to control the
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program they need the four essential
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freedoms and that's the definition of
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free software free software respects the
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users freedom and community now we often
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call it libra using the french or
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spanish word pronounce it as you like
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the point is that's what we mean we
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don't mean it's gratis we're not talking
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about price we're concerned with your
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freedom and we sometimes say free /
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libre to show that so freedom zeros the
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freedom to run the program as you wish
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for whatever purpose freedom one is the
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freedom to study the source code of the
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program and change it so it does the
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computing you wanted to do but what is
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the source code well every program
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typically will have to
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forms there's the form that you can read
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and you can understand if you know the
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programming language that's the source
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that's what programmers write and change
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then there's the executable which is a
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bunch of numbers which even a programmer
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can figure out if all you get is the
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executable it's a horrible pain in the
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neck to figure out what it does and even
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harder to change it so to give you the
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real possibility to study and change it
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they've got to give you the source code
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that's a requirement well with those two
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freedoms each user separately can make a
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copy and start changing it and make it
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do what she wants
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that's individual control but what if
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you're not a programmer you look at the
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source code and you don't understand it
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individual control isn't enough
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we also need collective control which
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means any group of users are free to
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work together to adapt the program to
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what they want of course in the group
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some of them are programmers they're the
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ones who actually write the changes but
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they're doing it as part of the group
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for what the group wants course the
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group doesn't have to be everybody so
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others can use it some other way they're
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all free to do that so collective
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control requires two more essential
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freedoms freedom to is the freedom to
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redistribute exact copies to make the
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copies and then give them away or sell
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them when you wish and freedom three is
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similar but it's for your modified
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versions you're free to make copies and
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then give them or sell them when you
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wish
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so we do have these freedoms that it's
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free software the users control the
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program but if any of those freedoms is
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missing then the users don't control the
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program instead the program controls the
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users and the developer controls the
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program so that means this program is an
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instrument of unjust power for its
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developer / the users that means the
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users don't have freedom that's non-free
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proprietary software which we got to get
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rid of
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well when you've got proprietary
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software what happens sometimes
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program snoops on the user sometimes it
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tracks the user sometimes it restricts
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the user and stop users from doing what
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they want to do you can see that the
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blu-ray is your enemy
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um sometimes the software remotely
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deletes books as Amazon did with 1984
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but sometimes the developer compels
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users to install a harmful upgrade by
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threatening to take away other
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functionality if it's not installed as
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Sony did and sometimes they can even
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forcibly change the software at a
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distance as Microsoft can with windows
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through the universal back door
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I'm so sometimes they even sabotage
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users as Microsoft does when it tells
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the NSA about bugs in windows so it can
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use them to attack people's computers
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well what you get is basically with
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proprietary software the owner has power
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over the users and takes advantage of
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this power putting in those various
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malicious functionalities to hurt the
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users of course they don't do this
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because they're Satanist they're doing
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it just for money for greed they have
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various ways that they can profit from
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having this power over users which does
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not make it even the tiniest bit less
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evil but they have no shame about it
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they have conferences where they talk
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about the latest ways they can take
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advantage of users through the power
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they have basically proprietary software
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which in is now from almost all the
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users of proprietary software they're
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using proprietary malware its software
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for suckers
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so how do us how do you stop being the
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victim formerly you have to stop using
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computers but not anymore
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now you can come join us in the free
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world that we've built but in 1983 i can
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announce i would develop a completely
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free software up
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rating system called GNU in 1992 we had
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almost finished but one piece was
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missing the Kernel Linux or vaults in
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that year
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freed his Kernel Linux which filled the
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last gap and gave us the first complete
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system you could run on a pc GNU plus
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Linux so unfortunately having freedom at
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one more point doesn't guarantee you'll
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keep it there are over a thousand
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different variants of GNU/Linux called
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distributions a few of them are entirely
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free software most of them have non-free
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software added because they are
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maintained by people who aren't
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concerned about freedom they rather and
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convenience but at the cost of freedom
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so you have to check which is a free
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distro to keep your freedom sometimes
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requires a sacrifice sometimes a big
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sacrifice as at Lexington sometimes but
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but in our campaign they tend to be
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little sacrifices anybody with a little
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bit of maturity can make these
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sacrifices for instance you want
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applications but some of them are
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non-free if you want freedom you got it do without them
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so there may be some inconvenience is
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you have to suffer for your freedom sake
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then many websites send non-free
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programs written in JavaScript to the
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users browser if you don't want to run
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non-free programs you should install
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libre jas which blocks keeps out
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non-free javascript and sometimes
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servers will offer to do your computing
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they say send us all your data obviously
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for suckers
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then the server does the computing and
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sends you back the results but you're
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not supposed to think about what's
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happening because it's a cloud and you
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don't see what's going on
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well you should look it's
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software-as-a-service as a software
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substitute and it takes away control of
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your computing so a large fraction of
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the world's web servers are running do /
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lanoxin other free software but i think the
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most important computers
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to put freedom in our your computer's
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not company's web servers they deserve
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freedom also but above all its people
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that deserve freedom so we need to
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advance and to do that we have to cross
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obstacles one of them is there are big
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companies that make a lot of money by
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having control over users and they don't
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want to let us advance we have to
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overcome their opposition
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another is that the mainstream media
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don't talk about free software they have
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a term that they use to bury these
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ethical issues they say open source
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instead now
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it talks about more or less the same
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programs but with different ideas where
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free software activists say this is a
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matter of right and wrong users deserve
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freedom we demand freedom the people say
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open source data once say that
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so instead they say let the users change
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the software and redistribute it and
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they'll make the code better they'll fix
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some bugs
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it may be true but it's a less important issue if
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we want to keep our freedom
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we've got to talk about freedom so say
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free software and you're helping us
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every time another obstacle is that lots
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of schools teach non-free software which
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is basically like teaching the kids to
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smoke tobacco it's implanting dependence
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which is the opposite of what school
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should do a school should prepare
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citizens to live in a strong capable
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independent cooperating and free society
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which means teaching free software in
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the school but there's another reason to
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do that for education some kids want to
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become programmers they're curious they
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wantto know how the programs work well
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the one who's studying a free software
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can understand it the one who's studying
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a non-free program can't learn anything
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because the knowledge in the non-free
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program is withheld denied to the
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students so to uphold the spirit of
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Education the school should make sure
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its programs are free but there's an
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even more important reason schools
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should teach the spirit of goodwill
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the habit of helping other people so the
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class should say if you bring a program
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to class just as if you bring cookies to
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class
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you've got to share it with everyone
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else can't keep it to yourself you gotta
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share the source code so other people
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can learn so don't bring any proprietary
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software to this class
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the school has to set a good example by
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following its own rule should bring only
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free software to class except as a
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reverse engineering exercise another
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obstacle is there's hardware we don't
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know how to write free software for
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because they won't tell us how to use
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the hardware that shocking they want to
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sell you the product and they won't tell
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you how to use it
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they say here's a non-free program you
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can use run it and shut up
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don't bother us well how do we find out
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how to run that hardware with reverse
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engineering you gotta study all those
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zeroes and ones to figure out what they
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really do and write down how to use that
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hardware so someone else can write the
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free program to do it it's hard work but
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it can be done if you want to make a big
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technical contribution that's what you
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should do each new area activity of life
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can bring with it new human rights that
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are necessary and the human rights
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depend on each other if you lose one it
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becomes harder to maintain the others so
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nowadays computing is so important in
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society that the freedoms of free
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software are among the human rights that
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society must establish and protect us
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how to help
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well you can write free software you can
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organize groups to campaign and persuade
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schools and governments to move to free
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software you can help other people when
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they have trouble using free software or
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help them install it you can say free
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software and spread the philosophical
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ideas moving to free software is the
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first step in the liberation of cyberspace
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but of course we also use the internet
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we need other freedoms they're like
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network neutrality and
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putting an end to surveillance of people
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in general